在英語學(xué)習(xí)的課程中,動詞不定式的一般現(xiàn)在時被稱作“詞典用詞”,因為它一般被用作詞典中該動詞的詞頭。
在語法中,動詞不定式是指動詞的一種不帶詞形變化從而不指示人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)的形式。它之所以被叫做不定式,是因為動詞不被限定,或者說不被詞形變化所局限。不定式屬于非謂語動詞。動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性。
價值300元外教英語課程領(lǐng)?。?/span>http://m.cn-hb.com.cn/lps/lp4.htm?search=700053?(北美原版教材)
口語英語速成班:http://m.cn-hb.com.cn/lps/lp-tutor/mix-tutor.htm?search=700053(劍橋,新概念等教材)
動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語,雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者(動詞的使用者)發(fā)出。這一使動者(動詞的使用者)我們稱之為邏輯主語。
1) 動詞+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine 等等········
舉例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.? 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question.? 我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2)動詞+不定式 ; 動詞+賓語+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。
3) 動詞+疑問詞+ to ········
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell············
Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機,我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The question is how to put it into practice.
問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。
4)動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find ··········
例句:
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.???????? 我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分詞做賓補,或先加形式賓語,再加形容詞,最后加帶to 的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有g(shù)et,have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found that to learn English is important.
5) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu),作補語的動詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare, discover, fancy???? ········
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認為Tom是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。
6)? to be +形容詞
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人們認為這本書沒什么意思。
7) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。
注意 : 有些動詞需用as 短語做補語,如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。
關(guān)于動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還有一些其他用法,此次先總結(jié)歸納以上幾點,同時也提醒同學(xué),不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系:示將來的動作,與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動詞,與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,盡管有被動含義,卻仍用主動語態(tài)。
評論