英文反義疑問句的分析與小結(jié)

反義疑問句(The Disjunctive Question或Question tags)即附加疑問句。它表示提問人的看法，沒有把握，需要對方證實(shí)。 陳述部分和疑問部分要么前肯后否，要么前否后肯。這類反義疑問句有時(shí)帶有感情色彩，表示驚奇，憤怒，諷刺，不服氣等。

反意疑問句由兩部分組成，前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句，后一部分是一個(gè)省略的疑問句。如果陳述句是肯定的，反意疑問句用否定；如果陳述句是否定的，反意疑問句用肯定的。反意疑問句通常由兩個(gè)詞組成：

第一個(gè)詞是be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，若是否定式，not通常要用簡略形式；第二個(gè)詞是人稱代詞主格(與陳述句的主語相同)。

Kate and Joan can swim, can't they?凱特和瓊會(huì)游泳，是不是？

Tom won't come, will he?湯姆不會(huì)來，對嗎？

(1)當(dāng)陳述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意義的詞匯時(shí)，后面的反意疑問句則為肯定形式：

There're few apples in the basket, are there??? /?? He can hardly swim, can he??? /?? They seldom come late, do they?

(2)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用they或he：

Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he？

(3)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用it：

Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?

(4)當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定詞綴的派生詞，也就是有un,dis-前綴、-less后綴等含詞綴而意思否定的詞，當(dāng)肯定句處理，疑問部分用否定形式。

He looks unhappy,doesn’t he?他看上去不高興，不是嗎？? The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she?這女孩不喜歡歷史，不是嗎？

(5)陳述部分的謂語是used to時(shí)，疑問部分用didn't +主語或usedn't +主語。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

(6)陳述部分有had better + v.疑問句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

7)陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用wouldn't +主語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

(8)陳述部分有must的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

(9)陳述部分由neither…nor, either…or連接的并列主語時(shí)，疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

(10)陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this,疑問部分主語用it。Everything is ready, isn't

(11)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用need (dare ) +主語。We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you?當(dāng)dare, need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do +主語。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

(12)省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意：Let's開頭的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us開頭的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

(13)陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there?

回答反義疑問句的原則

回答反意疑問句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來確定，如有人問你You are asleep, aren’t you?你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not.因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮?，肯定你還沒有asleep。但如果別人問你You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒有睡著，對嗎)，你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的，還沒有睡著)，而不能回答為Yes, I’m not.也不能回答成Yes, I am.

“It is a beautiful flower，isn't it？” “It isn't a beautiful flower，is it？”

上述句子的回答肯定均為“Yes，it is."否定為“No，it isn't."

由上述例子可知，反義疑問句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無太大關(guān)聯(lián)，只需注意事實(shí)，肯定即用yes，否定用no，無需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。