如何了解認知英語中定語從句的解析和語法結構？

在英語中，尤其是在修飾句式的名詞形式的詞匯短語或者搭配，會用一系列的短語從句來限制或者修訂，這類句式很多時候運用的就是定語從句，下面就從各個方面為難以攻克英語定居從句的童靴，一一化解迷惑。

定語從句的概念，在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

例如：1) The lady who lives next to Marry is a fool.

2) Lily’s father buys her the house which is near Central Park

上面兩句中的the man和the house是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。

二、1.關系代詞引導的定語從句?，關系詞(連接詞)

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞：that, which, who (賓格whom,所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when, why。關系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時還做定語從句的一個成分。

2.關于that, which的用法注意點

1)只能用that，不用which作為定語從句關系代詞的情況

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a)不定代詞，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞

There is nothing that I can do.? / Lucy means the one that was bought yesterday.

b)先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last修飾

This is the very book that I want to find.?? . The last place that I visited was the hospital.

c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時

This is the first composition that he has written in English.

d)先行詞既有人，又有物時

Tom talked about the teachers and schools that he had joined in .

2)不用that,只用which的情況? a)引導非限定性定語從句時which

The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b)介詞后用which??如?：We depend on the land from which we get our food.

3.關系副詞引導的定語從句

關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1)先行詞是表示地點名詞時(country, school, room…)，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，一般用where引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的是which前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關系而定。

Shenzhen is the place in which (=where) he was born. / He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.

2)先行詞是表示時間名詞時(year, month, day, night…)，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語

從句中充當時間狀語，一般用when引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的是when前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關系而定。

His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.? / I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.

3)先行詞是the reason，而關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當原因狀語，一般用why引導定語從句。也可以用for + which的結構。

Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?

但是這里要指出的是，如果介詞和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三種意思，則我們只能保留介詞+Which的形式。如I know English in which I wrote the love letter.

對于普通的引導的關系代詞的定語從句大多數(shù)人都很好理解并且掌握，但是介于引導的限制性的或者非限制性的定語從句時候，英語學習的童鞋需要嚴格判斷，句中選擇的的先行詞和介詞短語搭配為依據(jù)。