有一定的英語基礎的同學,或者熱愛閱讀英語原版讀物的人們,在文段中會遇到“虛擬語氣”,關于英語語法當中,有一塊特別的句型和句式,用于表達一種限定的情形,不論事物是否真實存在,都是可以表達一種帶有特殊的主觀情感色色在里面的。
1、關于英語虛擬語氣的定義或者闡述,
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。
在條件句中的應用,我們知道英語當中,條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣。
(1) 真實條件句
真實條件句用于陳述語氣,假設的情況可能發(fā)生,其中if是如果的意思。
句型: 條件從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,?主句用shall/will +動詞原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.
注意:
1) 在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
If you leave now, you will never regret it.
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2) 表示真理時,主句謂語動詞便不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。
非真實條件句,可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態(tài)退后。
a.同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。
句型 : 條件從句一般過去時, 主句 用should( would) +動詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于過去事實相反的假設。
句型: 條件從句過去完成時 , 主句用should(would) have+過去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
c.表示對將來的假想
句型: 條件從句 一般過去時, 主句用should +動詞原形
條件從句were+不定式 ,主句用would +動詞原形??
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可將if省略,再把were, should或had移到從句句首,實行倒裝。
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
注意:
在虛擬語氣的從句中,動詞'be'的過去時態(tài)一律用"were",不用was, 即在從句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.??????????如果我是你,就會去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.?????如果他在這兒,一切都會好的。
在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前,變成were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說Were I not to do.,而不能說Weren't I to do.
虛擬語氣的運用能夠靈活運用,可以彰顯英語學習者對這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握能力,尤其是在英語閱讀板塊中,虛擬語氣句式可以直接影響能否理解文章語境的,如果不能掌握好,可能會對文章表達的中心主旨或結(jié)論有錯誤和判斷。同時在英語寫作當中,如果出現(xiàn)了虛擬語氣句式,是會大大增加文章的語法功底的,會讓英語作文更加引人注意。
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