英語中什么叫同位語?一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充說明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。同位語除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí),若其中一個(gè)句子成分是用于說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分的,那么用于起說明或解釋作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位語。
Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.勞拉·邁爾,BBC的記者,要求采訪。
Influenza, a common disease, has no cure.流行性感冒是一種常見病,無特效藥。
Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university.瑪麗是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最聰敏的姑娘之一,她正準(zhǔn)備上大學(xué)。
Who is that man, the first in the front row?前排第一個(gè)人是誰?
以上所舉的同位語例子都是同位語的基本形式,一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
注意: 有幾種同位語,或由于本身結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊,往往會(huì)引起誤解。
2.不定式用作同位語
Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。
(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.他照吩咐沿某一條街走,我在那里接他上了車。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
價(jià)值300元外教英語課程領(lǐng)?。?/span>http://m.cn-hb.com.cn/lps/lp4.htm?search=700053?(北美原版教材)
3. -ing分詞用作同位語
He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck.他今晚得到一個(gè)開卡車的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲,被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4.形容詞用作同位語
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.目前的交易會(huì),是有史以來規(guī)模最大的,正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他讀了很多書,古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade.老老少少的人都來到街頭觀看游行。
注意:這類同位語與定語比較接近,可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
此外,為了方便大家理解記憶,專門歸納了一些特殊用法的同位語:
代詞we, us, you等后接同位語
Are you two reading?你們二人在看書嗎??? /? They three joined the school team.他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students.她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。? /? He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together.我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
含有同位語的句式,基本上可以認(rèn)為是任何一個(gè)同位語是另外發(fā)一個(gè)的互為解釋或者補(bǔ)充說明,一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面有時(shí)可以跟一個(gè)名詞(或起類似作用的其他形式),對(duì)前者進(jìn)一步說明它指的是誰,什么等,那么這一部分就叫做同位語。同位語與被它補(bǔ)充說明的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
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