為什么很多詞匯時常發(fā)生用錯的情況呢?其實歸根到底說這些原因,一是根本不了解這次詞匯的最本真的意思和詞性導致用錯,第二是關(guān)于不同詞匯在不同語境中與之系那個關(guān)聯(lián)的短語搭配或者跟同一詞匯,拼寫類似的單詞弄混淆,解決錯誤找到根源看下面:
1、Mistake??? n.錯誤;誤會;過失 ,vt.弄錯;誤解 ,vi.弄錯;誤解
(1)我誤拿了你的筆。[誤]I took your pen by wrong.?[正]I took your pen by mistake.
解析:by mistake是"錯拿了"、"誤拿了"你的東西。wrong意為"錯誤",而by mistake為"弄混了"。
(2)弄錯,犯錯??;?如果我沒 弄錯/搞錯 的話,您是Brown先生。[誤]If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.?[正]If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown.
(3)誤以為,錯當做?;?老師錯把我當做我哥哥。[誤]The teachers always mistook me as my brother.?[正]The teachers always mistook me for my brother.
解析 :mistake…for…是"錯把……當作……"之意,如:I took your book for mine.
2、more?? n.更多,adj.更多的;附加的,adv.更多;此外;更大程度pron.更多的數(shù)量
(1)這本書比我的那本更好?[誤]This book is more better than that one.
[正]This book is much better than that one.
解析 :more只能形容實際數(shù)量的更多, 不能用比較級來修飾比較級,而應用much, rather等來修飾比較級。
(2)你讀到的越多,學到的就越多 [誤]More you read, more you learn.?[正]The more you read, the more you learn.
解析 : 在"越……越……的"表達法中,形容詞的比較級前要加定冠詞。??需要注意 :more than one這個詞組的后面要跟單數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)謂語動詞。?如:More than one student is going to do part time job after school.
(3)no more than not more than
no more than,應譯為"只不過"、"才",如:He wrote no more than three books.即:他真正寫了三本書。
而not more than,則意為"不會多于,不會超過",如:He wrote not more than three books.即他寫的書不會多于三本。又如:He is no shorter than you.應譯為"你和他都不矮",而He is not shorter than you.才應譯為"他比你高。"
3、Most,n.大部分,大多數(shù) ,adj.大部分的,多數(shù)的;最多的 ,adv.最;非常,極其;最多;幾乎
(1)絕大多數(shù)學生很擅長英語 [誤]Most of students are good at English.
[正]Most of the students are good at English.
解析 :Most單獨用不能直接表達大多人····,需要接名詞的話中間必須要補充介詞of,most of這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有一個限定詞。
(2)我的朋友絕大多數(shù)都是老師。[誤]My friends are most teachers.??[正]My friends are mostly teachers.
解析 :mostly意為"大部分的","主要的"adv ,副詞可以直接修飾名詞。
4、much? n.許多,大量adj.大量的? adv.非常,很??? pron.許多,大量
這個男孩很快睡著了。[誤]The boy was asleep very much.[正]The boy was fast asleep.
解析 : ?不是所有的形容詞都可以用very來修飾,如fast asleep意為"熟睡",則是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising這些形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞,以及tired, interested這些形容詞化的過去分詞則要用very來修飾。
5、must ,? aux.必須,一定;可以,應當;很可能? n.絕對必要的事物;未發(fā)酵葡萄汁
(1)他一定在辦公室,一定沒有回家[誤]He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.
[正]He must be in the office, and can't go home.
解析 :must加動詞原形為對事情的肯定推測,而否定的推測則要用can't加動詞原形。
對于對事物的推斷,表示否定的結(jié)果情況,只有can not表示不會發(fā)生,不可能發(fā)生。如果是虛擬語氣或者語氣委婉,就是could not .
(2)之前下過雨?[誤]It must have rained now.?[正]It must have rained yesterday.
解析 :"must+have+過去分詞"為對過去發(fā)生事情的推測。這句話應譯為"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如:I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.表示對過去的事情,已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測 ,用must have done···來表示 。
(3)must用來表示說話者覺得某件事有必要去做 ,must have to
如I must stop smoking.其意為:我自己認為我要戒煙;而have to則多用來表達由于來自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,表示客觀不得不做的
I have to go to school tomorrow.? must無過去式,當用在講過去某件必須要做的事時要用had to,如:When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意為:一定不要做某事,如:You mustn't tell this to Tom.
而haven't to則多意為沒有必要去做,如:You don't have to tell this to Tom.而英語中多用needn't來取代haven't to.
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