1、myself,pron.我自己;我親自;我的正常的健康狀況和正常情緒
錯誤用法?I can't play pingpong myself. ?正確用法?I can't play pingpong by myself.
解析 : 第一句并無語法錯誤,myself為"我親自要去",而by myself為"獨(dú)自一人"。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是"我一個人無法打乒乓球。"而I want to play pingpong myself.應(yīng)譯為"我自己想去打乒乓球。"或者 說:I cannot play pingpang on my own .
2、name,n姓名,v命名
錯誤用法 :She was named of a flower. ??正確用法 :She was named after a flower.
解析: 以……命名應(yīng)為name after,又如給某人取名應(yīng)為The father named his son Tom.
3、near ,? prep.靠近;近似于? ,? adj.近的;親近的;近似的?? , adv.近;接近
錯誤用法 :We came near to hit him.???正確用法 :We came near to hitting him.
解析 :這句話應(yīng)譯為"我們幾乎要打他一頓。"near to這一用法中to為介詞,其后要接賓語,所以要接名詞或動名詞。near作介詞時其后可加to也可不加to,如:I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.
by ?和near?的區(qū)別 :
We lived near the city.與We lived by the city.兩句話都是對的,但其表達(dá)的意義有所不同,by在表達(dá)距離時比near更近,所以by the city是緊靠近某城市。
4、need?,? n.需要,要求;缺乏;必要之物 ,? vt.需要 ,vi.需要
錯誤用法 :This room needs to clean.
正確用法:This room needs to be cleaned.???正確用法 :This room needs cleaning.
解析 :在表達(dá)某事需要做什么時,need后面如用不定式要用其被動態(tài),如接動名詞則要用主動態(tài)。
錯誤用法 :We need not to do it.????正確用法 :We needn't do it.
解析 :need用在否定句、疑問句中一般用作情態(tài)動詞,所以無人稱變化也不加to,而在肯定句中則多用作實(shí)意動詞,如:We need your help.
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5、Neither, ?conj.也不;既不,?? adv.兩個都不;既不……也不,?? adj.兩者都不的
pron.兩者都不
錯誤用法 :None of my parents is a teacher.?正確用法:Neither of my parents is a teacher.
解析: 對兩者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情況。
錯誤用法:I don't do my homework. Neither he does.???正確用法:I don't do my homework. Neither does he.
注意:在句式前半段陳述一件事情,后半句表示某某情況也沒有的類似情況,需要用倒裝句式結(jié)構(gòu),
錯與用法 :Neither you nor I are right.??正確用法 :Neither you nor I am right.
解析 :neither…nor… 這一句型在應(yīng)用時其謂語動詞應(yīng)以鄰近的主語一致。
錯誤用法 :Neither he studies nor plays.?正確用法 :Neither does he study nor play.
解析:?neither, hardly, seldom等否定詞位于句首時,謂語動詞采用倒裝形式。
6、Never?? adv.從未;決不
錯誤用法 :Never I have broken my word.?正確用法?:Never have I broken my word.
解析 :never用于句首時起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,要用倒裝語序。但用于句中一般放于情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、或be動詞后面,如:I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again.用于成語中,如:Better late than never. (晚做比不做強(qiáng)。)never mind沒關(guān)系,如:"What did you say?"? "Oh, never mind."
7、frequent動詞:常到,常去
She kept very busy with work, but I frequented her office often enough to see the impact that she had on her many patients.????她的工作很忙,但我還是經(jīng)常去她的辦公室了解她對病人們的影響。
8、fix動詞:安排,供給,準(zhǔn)備飯食Could you fix lunches for the children?你能給孩子們準(zhǔn)備午餐嗎?
9、affect與effect均可表示“影響”
其區(qū)別是:前者是動詞(及物),主要指一時的影響,著重影響的動作,可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞),也可指不良影響;后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)),兩者的關(guān)系大致為:affect=have an effect on.
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it.影響一項(xiàng)政策就是對該政策具有一種影響。
The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all.這條消息對她沒有一點(diǎn)影響。
注意 :effect有時雖用作動詞(及物),但不表示“影響”,而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。
They effected their escape in the middle of the night.他們半夜逃脫了。
He effected great changes in the company.他使公司發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
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