1、news,n.新聞,消息;新聞報導(dǎo)
有很多關(guān)于這個事故的報道 [誤]There are many news about the accident.?[正]There is much news about the accident.
解析 :news是不可數(shù)名詞,它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果講一條新聞要用a piece of news.
2、newspaper?,n.報紙 ,報社 ,舊報紙
我在今天的報紙上 閱讀/看了這篇新聞。 [誤]I read the news on today's newspaper.
[正]I read the news in today's newspaper.
解析 : 在報紙上讀到某一條新聞一定要用介詞in,而on the newspaper是指把某物放于報紙之上,如:May I put the flower on this newspaper?
3、night?,n.夜晚,晚上;黑暗,黑夜?,adj.夜晚的,夜間的
我昨晚回家非常晚。 [誤]I came home very late yesterday night.?[正]I came home very late last night.
解析 :"昨晚"一般要講last night,而不應(yīng)參照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的說法yesterday morning等套用。
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4、no和none?不 ,沒有、否定
(1)no? , n.不;否決票, abbr.數(shù)字(number);元素锘(nobelium)的符號
none? ,? adj.沒有;不是?? , adv.不??? adj.沒有的,一點沒有的,adv.決不,一點也不?? , pron. ?沒有人;一個也沒有;沒有任何東西
no是個限定詞,它可以用在可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前,如:No news is good news.但如果名詞前有另一限定詞時則不能用no,而要用none of,如None of the students was here.
(2)No和not
not?,adv.表示否定,不??,n.“非”(計算機中邏輯運算的一種)
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我們用not,如:I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday.如果是全部否定則用no,如Sorry, there is no time to talk.
(3)No one?和?none???,No one = not any one, 沒有人
no one與nobody一樣不能接of結(jié)構(gòu),如:No one wished me good luck.而要用of結(jié)構(gòu)時要用none,如:None of my friends wished me good luck.同義= Not any one of my friends wished me good luck .
(4)Nor ???, conj.也不;也不是?? , adv.也不;也沒有
我之前從來沒有看過這幅畫,也同樣沒有聽過這幅畫。?[誤]I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.??[正]I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.
解析?:注意在表達"既不…也不……"時不要用or作連詞,而要用nor,并且要用倒裝語序。
not?,adv.表示否定,不??,n.“非”(計算機中邏輯運算的一種)
學(xué)生們?nèi)チ斯珗@,但是老師們沒去。[誤]The students went to the park, but no the teachers.
[正]The students went to the park, but not the teachers.
解析 : 要使一個句子或一個句子的某一部分為否定時我們要用not,而不用no.
今天這里沒有我的信 [誤]There is no my letter today.[正]There is no letter for me today.
解析 :no是一個限定詞,用在名詞前時,要注意這個名詞前應(yīng)沒有冠詞、物主代詞或指示代詞。
Not only····but also····不僅····而且·······
他不僅是個作家還是個演員。?[誤]He not only was a writer but also an actor.
[正]He was not only a writer but also an actor.
解析 : 在這一句型中not only之后的詞與but also之后的詞類必須一致,否則應(yīng)為錯句。如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)用在主語位置,則謂語動詞要與but also后面的主語保持一致,如:Not only you but also I am wrong.
5、Nothing,n.無;零;不關(guān)緊要之事 ,neg.沒什么;毫不 ,adv.毫不;決不
pron.無事;無物?,int.什么也沒有
這里除了書什么也不賣。 [誤]Nothing but books were sold here.[正]Nothing but books was sold here.
解析 :要注意真正的主語是nothing而不是books,所以這一結(jié)構(gòu)在學(xué)生的使用中經(jīng)常出錯。
我除了哭泣什么也做不了。[誤]I have nothing to do but to cry.[正]I have nothing to do but cry.
解析 :在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中but后面要用省to的不定式。
6、Number,? n.數(shù);(雜志等的)期;號碼;數(shù)字;算術(shù)? vi.計入;總數(shù)達到
vt.編號;計入;數(shù)…的數(shù)目;使為數(shù)有限
(1)今天的電視上可以聽到很多新聞[誤]A number of news can be heard on TV today.
[正]A lot of news can be heard on TV today.
解析:a number of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
(2)學(xué)生的數(shù)量是1萬。?[誤]The number of students are ten thousand.
[正]The number of students is ten thousand.
解析 :a number of其意為"大量的",而the number of…是"某某的數(shù)量"。即the number of students意為"學(xué)生人數(shù)",所以要用單數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。
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