英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)有哪些特殊的變化形式

時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式，是各級(jí)各類(lèi)考試的必考內(nèi)容?；旧厦總€(gè)完整的子句都有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要表示第二個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)可使用不定詞、動(dòng)名詞、對(duì)等連接詞、從屬連接詞或增加子句等方法連結(jié)。而在英語(yǔ)中根據(jù)時(shí)間和動(dòng)作的種類(lèi)，動(dòng)詞又分為了多種時(shí)態(tài)。????舉例英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的特殊時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)現(xiàn)象：

1、在see to it，make sure，make certain，be sure，look out，take care等之后的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在（過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在完成）時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)（過(guò)去將來(lái)、將來(lái)完成）時(shí)。

You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.??? /??? See to it that everything is OK.

2、既定的時(shí)間如生日、日歷、課時(shí)安排、交通時(shí)刻表等，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。

The meeting starts at five o'clock.?? /???? The train leaves at three this afternoon.

3、在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.?? /?? Somebody told me that you are a writer.

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4、以Here或There開(kāi)頭的句子，說(shuō)明正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（其實(shí)就是倒裝句一種）

Here comes the bus!??? /?? There goes the bell!

5.在由as soon as，when，before，after，till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和由if，unless，as long as，in case等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或在方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

If you come this afternoon，We'll have a meeting.??? /??? When you meet him，tell him to come to my place.

6、若句中帶有always，all the time，forever，constantly等詞或短語(yǔ)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示說(shuō)話人贊賞或厭惡等感情。

You are always forgtting the important things.? /??? He is constantly leaving his things behind.

7、某些詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

He is leaving tomorrow.??? /?? The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.

8、用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，反映的是說(shuō)話者探詢(xún)的態(tài)度時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，顯得更加有禮貌。

You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab. / See to it that everything is OK.

9、在含有hardly/scarcely…when，no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（注意：主句一般倒裝）

Hardly had I entered the room，when I heard a loud noise.?? /?? No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.

10、在wish，would rather的賓語(yǔ)從句中和在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，以及在It is time that…的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的事情。如：

It's time you had a holiday.?? /?? He looks as if he were young.

11、表示和交待故事發(fā)生的背景情況等等。

One day Jones was walking along the street.? /? It was snowing as they made their way to the front.

12、與always，forever，constantly，continually，frequently等詞連用，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為，往往帶有感情色彩。如：

My brother was always losing his key.?? /?? They were frequently quarrelling.

其實(shí)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)和體。時(shí)有現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)；體有一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。而語(yǔ)態(tài)有2種，即主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。以上只是主動(dòng)，加上被動(dòng)就更多了。

所有人都明白動(dòng)詞的形式?jīng)Q定句式的時(shí)態(tài)，充分的體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)作的緊密聯(lián)系。掌握好動(dòng)詞各種時(shí)態(tài)才算掌握英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法大的框架。