英語詞匯在運(yùn)用中的不同功能釋義

動(dòng)詞的使動(dòng)用法

動(dòng)詞是英語中詞類中最為活躍的成分，至今對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的使用我一直是膽戰(zhàn)心驚的，現(xiàn)介紹一些使動(dòng)用法共勉。

1.I slowly walked my horse up the hill.我慢慢地帶馬上山。

2.The ran the ship aground.他們把船開到灘上去了。

3.The swam their horses in the river.他們使馬泅水渡河。

4.I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs.我躺下來好讓疲憊的腿休息一下。

5.They rode out the storm.他們安然渡過風(fēng)暴

其實(shí)，研究動(dòng)詞個(gè)人認(rèn)為，要把握后面有無賓語；賓語是人還是物；是什么樣的賓語。歡迎網(wǎng)友探討，動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)研討方法。

同系賓語

1. I dreamed a strange dream.

2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking.

3.I have fought a good fight.

一、在同系賓語上附有修飾形容詞時(shí)，通?？蓳Q成態(tài)度副詞。

live a long life = live long;

live a happy life = live happily;

die a national death = die nationally;

die a violent death = die by violence

二、有的賓語與動(dòng)詞不同語源，但意義相通，也可以視為同類。

run a race; run a course; run one's career;

fight a battle; blow a gale; strike a blow;

ring a peal; wreak one's vengeance

三、以it構(gòu)成的類型：

I am determined to fight it out。我決心奮斗到底。

He is starring it in the provinces.他到各地巡回演出。

We had to walk it in the rain.我們不得不冒雨而行。

Can't you swim it?你游不過去嗎？

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四、在某些熟語中可將同系賓語省略，如look thanks = look a look of thanks

He looked the thanks he could not express.他眼中現(xiàn)出言語無法表達(dá)的感謝。

She left the room, looking daggers at me.她以短劍相刺的目光望著我，走出了房間。

五、最高級(jí)形容詞后，可以省略同系賓語。

The lady was lerrorst(look).

She sang her sweest(song) to please him.

第六部分 一組詞組

1.all＋抽象名詞/抽象名詞＋itself＝very + adj.

He was all gentleness to her.他對(duì)她非常溫存。

To his superiors, he is humility itself。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)輩，他極為謙遜。

分析：該結(jié)構(gòu)原來是表示某種性質(zhì)達(dá)到極點(diǎn)的一種說法，有“非常”、“盡管”、“一味”、“盡”的含義，有時(shí)甚至可以譯為“。。。。的化身”、“。。。。的具體化”。普通復(fù)數(shù)名詞用于“all”之后，也是表達(dá)這種概念。

He is all smiles.他一味地笑。

She is all eyes.她盯著看。

I am all anxiety.我真擔(dān)心。

He is all attention.他全神貫注地聽著。

2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) of

Mr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲學(xué)家風(fēng)范。

Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吳先生全無音樂家的風(fēng)味。

Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陸先生大有詩(shī)人氣派。

Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.劉先生幾無學(xué)者風(fēng)度。

分析：此為表示“程度”的形容詞短語，有時(shí)可以當(dāng)作副詞翻譯。

Something of＝to some extent（某程度），在問句和條件句中則用anyting of（略有、多少）。nothing of譯作“全無、毫無”。

相類似的情況：

to be something of = to have something of +名詞＋in＋代名詞

He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫無演說家的才能。

這類名詞的用法，可以處理為副詞。

He has seen something of life.他略具閱歷。他稍閱世。

Something of與something like區(qū)別：程度上有差異。

something like＝something approximateing in character or amount指數(shù)量或性質(zhì)略同的事物，又作somewhat(似乎、略微)解釋。

This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。

It shaped something like a cigar.其形狀略似雪茄。