成人學(xué)英語(yǔ)需要掌握多少單詞？不知道你就虧大了！

成人學(xué)英語(yǔ), 需要掌握多少單詞？其實(shí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 每個(gè)人心里, 都有自己的答案.

一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果是出國(guó)旅游, 基本詞匯 2k 都?jí)?

如果是應(yīng)付四六級(jí)考試, 詞匯 6k 應(yīng)該夠.

如果是在外企工作, 入門(mén)詞匯 6k 足夠.

但是, 如果想能無(wú)障礙, 和母語(yǔ)人士溝通, 能聊一些有深度的話題, 比如 政經(jīng), 文化, 社會(huì) 等;能無(wú)障礙閱讀英文資料, 乃至英語(yǔ)原版小說(shuō), 不用頻頻查字典;能無(wú)障礙看美劇, 每個(gè)字都聽(tīng)得倍兒清楚;無(wú)障礙用英語(yǔ)做演講..

我覺(jué)得, 詞匯量 2w 是起步,多多益善!!

對(duì)于成人來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的最有效方法是學(xué)習(xí)the formal structures of the language（語(yǔ)言的形式結(jié)構(gòu)）。學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的各種變形，語(yǔ)法策略以及記憶一些常用短語(yǔ)對(duì)成人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很有幫助。

成人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)更多的會(huì)帶有一種自我審查。比如說(shuō)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)完一句話，成人會(huì)思考：我剛剛說(shuō)的那句話用的單詞貼不貼切？有沒(méi)有什么語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤？

同時(shí)，成人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)比孩童有更多的動(dòng)機(jī)。比如自我提升，職業(yè)需要或其它發(fā)展動(dòng)機(jī)。

有些人覺(jué)得自己這個(gè)年齡學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)太晚了，但是如果他們了解了孩童和成人不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式以及學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)勢(shì)的話就不會(huì)有這個(gè)憂慮了。正如前面所說(shuō)，孩童學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言更多的是依靠潛意識(shí)的習(xí)得，而成人更傾向于自我學(xué)得，因?yàn)槌扇擞心芰μ幚碓谡Z(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中產(chǎn)生的各種復(fù)雜思想，成人的思維也更為縝密。

順便分享一個(gè)免費(fèi)領(lǐng)取價(jià)值188元的純外教試聽(tīng)課，一對(duì)一的教學(xué)模式，提升英語(yǔ)水平，效果扛扛滴，不信，可以來(lái)免費(fèi)試聽(tīng)：http://m.cn-hb.com.cn/seo/om-tg.htm?search=2064763

所以，在此給想要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)或者第二門(mén)語(yǔ)言的成人提供10條建議，這10條建議是一位會(huì)說(shuō)九國(guó)外語(yǔ)的超級(jí)學(xué)霸Matthew Youlden總結(jié)出來(lái)的，希望對(duì)正在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的你有所幫助。

1) Know why you're doing it. 弄清學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的目的

This might sound obvious, but if you don’t have a good reason to learn a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long-run. Wanting to impress English-speakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a French person in his or her own language is another matter entirely。

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像沒(méi)什么，但如果沒(méi)有好的理由，你就非?？赡茉谶@場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)跑中掉隊(duì)。為了炫技而想要學(xué)法語(yǔ)，這可不是啥好理由；而想學(xué)會(huì)法語(yǔ)去了解法國(guó)人，這就另當(dāng)別論了。

2) Find a partner. 找到一起學(xué)習(xí)的小伙伴

Matthew learned several languages together with his twin brother Michael (they tackled their first foreign language, Greek, when they were only eight years old!). Matthew and Michael, or the Super Polyglot Bros. as I’d like to now refer to them, gained their superpowers from good-ol’, healthy sibling rivalry:“You have someone with whom you can speak, and that’s the idea behind learning a language?！?

馬修有好幾種外語(yǔ)都是和他雙胞胎兄弟邁克爾一起學(xué)的(他們8歲就學(xué)了希臘語(yǔ))！我為什么要強(qiáng)調(diào)這對(duì)超級(jí)學(xué)霸兄弟，因?yàn)榭傆X(jué)得是他們之間的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)特別有幫助。

3) Talk to yourself. 自言自語(yǔ)

It might sound really weird, but actually speaking to yourself in a language is a great way to practice if you’re not able to use it all the time?！?This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up your confidence for the next time you speak with someone。“

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能有點(diǎn)怪，但在你沒(méi)法整天使用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候，這是個(gè)練習(xí)的好辦法?！边@可以讓新的單詞、短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常跳躍在你的腦海里，下次開(kāi)口聊天時(shí)你也會(huì)更有自信。

4) Keep it relevant.學(xué)百遍不如用一遍

If you make conversation a goal from the beginning, you are less likely to get lost in textbooks.:“You’re learning a language to be able to use it. The creative side is really being able to put the language that you’re learning into a more useful, general, everyday setting – be that through writing songs, generally wanting to speak to people.

把交流作為學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的目的，不要拘泥于教科書(shū)。學(xué)語(yǔ)言的目標(biāo)是為了使用它，最好是創(chuàng)造性地把它融進(jìn)日常生活中?？梢允菍?xiě)歌詞、挖掘和人說(shuō)話的欲望。

5) Have fun with it. 用語(yǔ)言做游戲

Think of some fun ways to practice your new language: make a radio play with a friend, draw a comic strip, write a poem, or simply talk to whomever you can. If you can’t find a way to have fun with the new language, chances are you aren’t following step four。

想個(gè)適合你自己的有趣的方式：和朋友一起做個(gè)廣播劇、畫(huà)連環(huán)畫(huà)、寫(xiě)詩(shī)歌，或者和任何一個(gè)你能溝通的人聊天！你要是覺(jué)得找不到適合你的，那也許你沒(méi)有按第4條做。

6) Act like a child.像小孩一樣去學(xué)（指的是學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，不是像小孩一樣的沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)方法）

The key to learning as quickly as a child may be to simply take on certain childlike attitudes: for instance, lack of self-consciousness, a desire to play in the language and willingness to make mistakes. New research cannot find a direct link between age and the ability to learn. As kids, we are expected to make mistakes, but as adults mistakes become taboo. When it comes to learning a language, admitting that you don’t know everything (and being okay with that) is the key to growth and freedom. Let go of your grown-up inhibitions!

快速學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的訣竅，是要有小孩一樣的態(tài)度：即時(shí)、無(wú)知、愛(ài)玩、犯錯(cuò)。沒(méi)有研究能證明學(xué)習(xí)能力和年紀(jì)的直接關(guān)系，但小孩子愿意犯錯(cuò)，成年人卻包袱太重，怕犯錯(cuò)怕笑話！當(dāng)你要學(xué)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，就要承認(rèn)和接受自己如孩子般無(wú)知，這是獲得成長(zhǎng)和自由關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。所以，讓顧忌和做作去死吧！

7) Leave your comfort zone.離開(kāi)你的舒適區(qū)

Willingness to make mistakes means being ready to put yourself in potentially embarrassing situations: talk to strangers in the language, ask for directions, order food, try to tell a joke. The more often you do this, the bigger your comfort zone becomes and the more at ease you can be in new situations.

經(jīng)過(guò)上一步，意味著你做好心理準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)很可能的尷尬：和陌生人聊天、問(wèn)路、點(diǎn)菜、開(kāi)始講笑話。突破越多你的舒適區(qū)就越大，在各種情境里就更加應(yīng)對(duì)自如。

8) Listen . 多聽(tīng) (聽(tīng)了以后一定要多多模仿）

We’re able to pronounce anything, it’s just we’re not used to doing it. For example the rolled r doesn’t exist in my form of English. When I was learning Spanish there were words with the hard r in them like perro and reunión. For me, the best way to go about mastering that is actually to hear it constantly, to listen to it and to kind of visualize or imagine how that is supposed to be pronounced, because for every sound there is a specific part of the mouth or throat that we use in order to achieve that sound?！?

要相信你有能力掌握所有的發(fā)音方式，只不過(guò)目前沒(méi)有習(xí)慣而已。舉個(gè)栗子，英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有R的大舌頭音，我學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)時(shí)就遇到perro或reunión這種需要卷舌才能發(fā)出的單詞，我找到最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是不停地聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)。先聽(tīng)，然后想象這個(gè)音是用口腔的那個(gè)部位發(fā)的，再模仿。

9) Dive in. 潛心修行，戒驕戒躁

I tend to want to absorb as much as possible right from the start. So if I learn something I really, really go for it and try to use it throughout the day. For me it’s about actually putting what you’re learning into practice – be that writing an email, speaking to yourself, listening to music, listening to the radio. Surrounding yourself, submerging yourself in the new language culture is extremely important。”

從下決心學(xué)的那一刻，我就開(kāi)始用全身心投入。所以我一開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，就會(huì)一整天都使用它，比如寫(xiě)郵件、自言自語(yǔ)、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)等，把自己完全丟進(jìn)那個(gè)語(yǔ)言文化環(huán)繞起來(lái)的環(huán)境里。這個(gè)非常重要的。”

10) Relax. 放松心態(tài)

You are not going to annoy people by speaking their language poorly. If you preface any interaction with, “I’m learning and I’d like to practice…” most people will be patient, encouraging and happy to oblige。

不會(huì)因?yàn)橹v得不好就惹人厭煩的，如果聊天開(kāi)始前你說(shuō)：“我正在學(xué)，非常希望練習(xí)……”大多數(shù)人都會(huì)很耐心，樂(lè)意鼓勵(lì)和幫助你的。