英語,對(duì)我們來說是一門外語,從認(rèn)識(shí)ABCD開始,到熟練掌握,再到靈活應(yīng)用、與母語無異,這中間不知要付出多少努力。我們今天來了解一下學(xué)習(xí)語言的這幾個(gè)級(jí)別用英語怎么表達(dá)。
按從低級(jí)到高級(jí)的順序介紹:
1. 不會(huì)說:
(1)can't speak:
例:
Several children in the class can't speak
English.(班上一些學(xué)生不會(huì)說英語。)
(2)don't speak a word of...:
例:
I don't speak a word of French.(法語我一點(diǎn)不會(huì)。)
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2. 只知道一點(diǎn):
(1)know a few words: to
be able to speak a few words of a language只會(huì)講一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)某種語言
例:
''Do you speak Korean?'' ''I only know a
few words.''(-你會(huì)講韓語嗎? -只會(huì)講一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。)
I used to know a few words of German but I've
forgotten them all.(我以前會(huì)講一點(diǎn)德語,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)忘光了。)
(2)broken English/ French etc.: English, French etc. that is spoken slowly and badly by someone
who only knows a little of the language 某種語言講得很爛
例:
The two students, one Chinese, the other
Greek, communicated in broken English.(一個(gè)中國學(xué)生和一個(gè)希臘學(xué)生,用蹩腳的英語交談。)
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3. 沒有掌握很多,但掌握了一些常用說法:
have a smattering of : to be able to speak a small but useful amount of a language (smatter:一知半解)
例:
Martin is fluent in French, and also has a
smattering of Swedish.(馬丁法語說得很流利,并且瑞典語也能說一些常用的。)
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4. 掌握一門語言,可以用它進(jìn)行日常對(duì)話(討價(jià)還價(jià)、求助等等):
get by: to speak enough of a language to be able to buy things, ask for
help etc.
例:
He went to Tokyo and within a few weeks knew
enough Japanese to get by.(到了東京,他花了幾周時(shí)間,就掌握了基本的日語,可以進(jìn)行日常對(duì)話了。)
備注:
''get by''的原意是''to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more''(只夠支付日常開銷,無剩余)
如:I don't earn
a huge salary, but we get by.(我工資不高,但也夠我們?nèi)粘i_銷。)
這里引申到語言學(xué)習(xí)中。
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5. 掌握一門語言,聽說讀都沒問題:
know: to be able to speak, read and understand some of a particular
foreign language
例:
I know enough Italian to travel
around there.(我意大利語已經(jīng)很好了,在意大利旅行沒問題。)
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6. 流利:
fluent: very good at speaking a foreign language, so that you can speak it
quickly without stopping and you can understand it very well
例:
Applicants should be fluent in
Cantonese.(申請(qǐng)者要求粵語流利。)
Ann speaks fluent Italian.(安的意大利語很流利。)
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7. 以該語言作為母語的人士:
native speaker: learned a particular language as their first language as a child
例:
One of my best dreams is to speak English
as a native speaker.(我最大的愿望,就是把英語說得跟老外一樣好。)
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8. 除了英語,還掌握其他語言:
(1)掌握兩種語言:bilingual:able to speak two languages very
well
例:
These kids are bilingual.(這些孩子能講兩種語言。)
Louis is virtually bilingual in Dutch
and German.(路易斯差不多荷蘭語、德語都能說。)
(2)掌握多種語言:multilingual:able to speak several languages
very well
例:
Many people who work at the European
Parliament are multilingual.(歐洲議會(huì)的許多工作人員都掌握了多國語言。)
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