在正式講解之前,我們來先看兩句話:
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(一):電影《逍遙法外》
I have a note to miss fifth and
sixth period today. Doctor's appointment.(我今天第5、6兩節(jié)課要請假去看醫(yī)生。)
解析:這里的note指“請假條”,美式英語中常用''excuse'',英式英語中常用''sick note''。
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(二):美劇《老爸老媽浪漫史》
Fake emergency? That’s the lamest, most
pathetic cop-out in the book.(騙人的緊急情況?。磕强墒鞘飞献铛磕_最牽強(qiáng)的借口了。)
解析:這里的cop-out指“借口”,是口語的說法,書面語不能用這個(gè),得用excuse。
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以此為契機(jī),這一講來講下excuse的用法。
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1. 與動(dòng)詞的搭配:找借口的幾種說法
①????
make up/ think up/ invent an
excuse: 編個(gè)理由,找個(gè)借口
例:
I made up some excuses about my car
breaking down. (我編了些借口說我車壞了。)
We'd better think up an excuse, fast! (我們最好編個(gè)理由,趕緊的?。?/span>
②????
make excuses for
somebody/something: 找借口開脫
例:
His mother is always making excuses for his
son's behavior. (他母親總為自己兒子的行為找理由來開脫。)
③????
use something as an excuse: 把……作為理由
例:
She never complained or used her illness as
an excuse. (她從不抱怨,也不把生病作為理由。)
④????
look for an excuse:找借口
例:
I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing
him. (我開始找借口避免見他。)
⑤????
give an excuse: 找借口說給某人聽
例:
I'll have to give my boss some kind of
excuse. (我得找些借口說給我的老板。)
⑥ believe/accept
an excuse:
例:
She didn't believe his excuse for one
minute.(她根本不相信他的理由。)
⑥????
have no excuse: 沒有理由
例:
Companies have no excuse for breaking the
law. (公司沒有理由觸犯法律。)
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2. 與形容詞的搭配:好借口、爛借口、蹩腳的借口……該怎么說?
①????
a good excuse: 好借口/好理由
例:
A sunny day is a good excuse to go to the
beach. (正好趁晴天去海邊。)
②????
a wonderful excuse: 很棒的理由
例:
A wedding is a wonderful excuse to buy a
new outfit. (趁著婚禮,正好買套新衣服。)
備注:wonderful比good更進(jìn)一步,means ''very good''。
③????
a reasonable/plausible
excuse:=one that other people will believe可信的理由
例:
If your train was canceled, it was a
perfectly reasonable excuse.(如果你那趟列車被取消了,這個(gè)理由就太完美了。)
④????
a legitimate/valid excuse: 合情合理的理由
例:
He didn't have a legitimate excuse for
being late. (他沒有為自己的遲到給出合理的解釋。)
備注:legitimate/valid=fair,
reasonable
⑤????
the perfect excuse: 完美的理由/借口
例:
The phone call gave me the perfect excuse
to leave. (這通電話給了我完美的借口離場。)
⑥????
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse:=one that is difficult to believe不足信的借口
例:
John muttered some feeble excuses about
having a headache. (約翰嘟囔著頭疼這種不可信的借口。)
⑦????
a pathetic/lame excuse:=very weak蹩腳、非常不可信的理由
例:
That's the most pathetic excuse I've ever
heard. (這是我聽過的最蠢的借口。)
⑧????
the usual excuse/ the same
old excuse 老生常談的借口,老招兒
例:
He made the usual excuse for not coming. (他又用老一套借口來解釋自己沒來的原因。)
Whenever the trains are late, it's always
the same old excuse.(每次列車晚點(diǎn),原因都一樣,老生常談。)
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總結(jié)一下,上面的“借口”可以分成3類(按程度不同記憶):
? ? 好借口 |
好 |
a good excuse |
非常好 |
a wonderful excuse |
|
? 合理、可信 |
a reasonable/plausible excuse, a
legitimate/valid excuse |
|
完美 |
the perfect excuse |
|
? ???????? 爛借口 |
不足信 |
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse |
蹩腳、非常不可信 |
a pathetic/lame excuse |
|
???????? ???????? 老借口 |
老生常談 |
the usual excuse/ the same old excuse |
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3.相關(guān)詞組
①use every excuse in the book:=use
every possible excuse 找盡一切借口
例:
He used every excuse in the book to avoid
seeing the doctor.(他找盡一切借口不去看醫(yī)生。)
②at the slightest excuse:=for any
reason, however unimportant 找各種(無足輕重的)理由
例:
She came to our house at the slightest
excuse.(她找了各種各樣雞毛蒜皮的理由來我們家。)
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